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Meaning: passive verb ending
Thể bị động trong tiếng Nhật
Verb (inf) ＋ れる・られる
(Group I)
～れる
話す → 話さ.れる (be told/ được bảo)
聞く → 聞かれる (be heard/ được nghe)
(Group II)
～られる
食べる → 食べ.られる (be eaten/ được ăn)
立てる → 立て.られる (be built/ được xây dựng)
(Group III)
来る → 来られる
する → される
Compare the passive and active examples below
(active)
子供が水を飲みました。
The child drank the water
Đứa trẻ (đã) uống nước
(passive)
水が子供に飲まれました。
the water was drunk by the child
Nước được uống bởi đứa trẻ
The passive of group 2 verbs is the same as the potential and honorific. Which can only be discovered by the context:
Thể bị động của động từ nhóm 2 rất dễ nhầm lẫn với thể khả năng và kính ngữ. Chúng ta chỉ có thể phân biệt thông qua ngữ cảnh.
先生は納豆 が 食べられる
the が gives this away as potential. Trong câu này trợ từ が biểu thị khả năng.
potential: My teacher can eat nattou/ Thầy giáo có thể ăn món nattou (món ăn Nhật)
先生は納豆を食べられた
could be many things/ có thể mang nhiều nghĩa:
Cũng có 1 dạng bị động gián tiếp khác không tồn tại trong tiếng Anh. Nó ngụ ý rằng ngời khác bị khó chịu bởi hành động của ai đó.
Perhaps it could be translated as "person A did something AT person B"
ビールは田中に飲まれた
the beer was drunk by Tanaka/ Bia được Tanaka uống.
先生は田中にビールを飲まれた
(The teacher was drunk beer at by Tanaka)
The teacher was annoyed by Tanaka drinking beer.
Thầy giáo đã cảm thấy khó chịu vì Tanaka uống bia.
some more formation examples
For 一段 （いちだん － える、いる ending) verbs you essentially drop the る and tack on a られる.
For 五段 （ごだん ～う ending) verbs you change the last syllable so that it ends
in ～あ and add れる
話す 話される was spoken
聞く 聞かれる was listened/heard
泳ぐ 泳がれる was swum
待つ 待たれる was carried
死ぬ 死なれる was killed
会う 会われる was met
作る 作られる was made
呼ぶ 呼ばれる was called
Examples:
水が子供に飲まれました
The water was drunk by the child
このビルは二年前に建てられた
This building was built two years ago
携帯コンテンツの海外事業開発を任されています。
development of overseas mobile contents is entrusted to me.
長い間待ってやっと私の名前が呼ばれた。
After waiting for a long time, finally my name was called.
あいつにしてやろうと思ったのに、逆にあいつにやられてしまった。
What I wanted to do to him, he did to me instead.
彼は光に吸い寄せられた。
He was drawn in by the light.
Source: www.jgram.org
Thể bị động trong tiếng Nhật
Verb (inf) ＋ れる・られる
(Group I)
～れる
話す → 話さ.れる (be told/ được bảo)
聞く → 聞かれる (be heard/ được nghe)
(Group II)
～られる
食べる → 食べ.られる (be eaten/ được ăn)
立てる → 立て.られる (be built/ được xây dựng)
(Group III)
来る → 来られる
する → される
Compare the passive and active examples below
(active)
子供が水を飲みました。
The child drank the water
Đứa trẻ (đã) uống nước
(passive)
水が子供に飲まれました。
the water was drunk by the child
Nước được uống bởi đứa trẻ
The passive of group 2 verbs is the same as the potential and honorific. Which can only be discovered by the context:
Thể bị động của động từ nhóm 2 rất dễ nhầm lẫn với thể khả năng và kính ngữ. Chúng ta chỉ có thể phân biệt thông qua ngữ cảnh.
先生は納豆 が 食べられる
the が gives this away as potential. Trong câu này trợ từ が biểu thị khả năng.
potential: My teacher can eat nattou/ Thầy giáo có thể ăn món nattou (món ăn Nhật)
先生は納豆を食べられた
could be many things/ có thể mang nhiều nghĩa:
- honorific: my Teacher ate nattou/ kính ngữ: thầy giáo đã ăn món nattou
- potential: my teacher could eat nattou/ khả năng: thầy giáo có thể đã ăn món nattou
- indirect passive: someone ate natto (~and my teacher was unhappy about it) / bị động gián tiếp: ai đó đã ăn món nattou làm thầy giáo không vui.
Cũng có 1 dạng bị động gián tiếp khác không tồn tại trong tiếng Anh. Nó ngụ ý rằng ngời khác bị khó chịu bởi hành động của ai đó.
Perhaps it could be translated as "person A did something AT person B"
ビールは田中に飲まれた
the beer was drunk by Tanaka/ Bia được Tanaka uống.
先生は田中にビールを飲まれた
(The teacher was drunk beer at by Tanaka)
The teacher was annoyed by Tanaka drinking beer.
Thầy giáo đã cảm thấy khó chịu vì Tanaka uống bia.
some more formation examples
For 一段 （いちだん － える、いる ending) verbs you essentially drop the る and tack on a られる.
For 五段 （ごだん ～う ending) verbs you change the last syllable so that it ends
in ～あ and add れる
話す 話される was spoken
聞く 聞かれる was listened/heard
泳ぐ 泳がれる was swum
待つ 待たれる was carried
死ぬ 死なれる was killed
会う 会われる was met
作る 作られる was made
呼ぶ 呼ばれる was called
Examples:
水が子供に飲まれました
The water was drunk by the child
このビルは二年前に建てられた
This building was built two years ago
携帯コンテンツの海外事業開発を任されています。
development of overseas mobile contents is entrusted to me.
長い間待ってやっと私の名前が呼ばれた。
After waiting for a long time, finally my name was called.
あいつにしてやろうと思ったのに、逆にあいつにやられてしまった。
What I wanted to do to him, he did to me instead.
彼は光に吸い寄せられた。
He was drawn in by the light.
Source: www.jgram.org
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